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The results are in: Most nuts come from cross-pollination

2019 | Trueman S, Wallace H, Kamper W, Nichols J, Hosseini Bai S, Ogbourne S, Richards T | Research report/Update

The update describes research to identify whether macadamia nuts come from self-pollination or cross-pollination. Using genetic markers to test the paternity of nuts in two orchards, the research established that most nuts come from cross-pollination.

The latest results are in: Whole-tree yields can be increased with better cross-pollination

2019 | Trueman S, Kamper W, Nichols J, Hosseini Bai S, Ogbourne S | Research report/Update

The update describes follow-up research to identify whether macadamia yields can be increased by better cross-pollination. This research at Sandy Creek near Bundaberg compared yields from blocks that contained single varieties - 816 and Daddow - where trees in the middle of the blocks were cross-pollinated as well as trees that were next to another variety. The results show that macadamias are not receiving enough cross-pollination and that closely interplanting different varieties and managing beehives to maximise cross-pollination may improve productivity.

Macadamia pollination: What to do? (2018 MacGroup)

2018 | Howlett B, Evans L | Presentation

Powerpoint presentation details the latest research on macadamia pollination

Optimising pollination of macadamia and avocado in Australia (Dr Brad Howlett)

2018 | Australian Macadamia Society | Video

Brad Howlett describes the HIA funded project on improving pollination and yields in macadamia orchards.

Sugar shaking bees to detect external parasites

2018 | NSW DPI | Fact Sheet

Sugar shaking bees is a method used to detect external parasites, such as varroa mites, tropilaelaps mites and braula fly on European honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Bee management

2018 | Australian Macadamia Society | Fact Sheet

During flowering growers are faced with managing both beneficial insects and pest insects. Beneficial insects are crucial for pollination and are a major asset for industry stakeholders (beekeepers). Flower pest insects, such as lace bug or flower caterpillar, can cause extreme yield losses (from 50-90% losses). These factors combine to create a challenging situation for macadamia growers to manage.

Pollination in macadamia

2018 | Howlett B, Goodwin M | Fact Sheet

Maximise your macadamia crop with better pollination. Many varieties of macadamias produce more nuts when cross pollinated with another variety.

MC16001 Pollen-parent affects nut size, kernel size and quality

2018 | Herbert S, Walton D, Wallace H | Research report/Update

Research has shown the beneficial effects of cross-pollen of macadamia varieties compared with self-pollen, but there is little research comparing varieties as pollen-parents. The aim of this study was to determine how cross-pollen from commercial varieties affects fruit development and mature nut properties, particularly the economic parameters of nut size, kernel weight and kernel recovery

MC15008 Paternity testing in the orchard: who is fathering the nuts?

2018 | Langdon K, Nock C | Research report/Update

The aim of this research by Southern Cross University was to identify the sources of pollen that produce seed, i.e. who is fathering the nuts. Preliminary, unexpected, results showed that almost a third of the mature seed in each year was self-fertilised. More work is needed to understand whether this level of self-fertilisation is unusual or more widespread. The results may be helpful for future cultivar selection and orchard design.

Improving pollination in the orchard

2018 | Howlett B, Cutting B, Evans L, Pattemore D | Article

Do you know how much pollination is happening in your orchard? This is an important question because good pollination can increase both nut set and dry kernel weight. This article summarises how you can better understand how much pollination is occurring now, and what you can do to improve it.

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This website has been partly funded by Hort Innovation, using the macadamia research and development levy and contributions from the Australian Government.